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December 1966: Lawrence G. Roberts becomes part of DARPA. 1966: Eliza, first conversational programme (also known as talking robot), by Joseph Weizenbaum. Programme statements could exceed 255 characters, a single string could have up to 32767 characters, and assembly language subroutines could be linked directly to a Basic programme. Coder: a person who writes only in low level code (machine code, in numbering base of two), as opposed to programmer: a person who writes in language of medium or high level. 1959: integrated circuit with base of silicium and chemical gravure, by Robert Noyce (Fairchild Semiconductor), based on the flat transistor of Jean Hoerni and on the P-N Multiple Semiconductor Junction of Kurt Lehovec. 1958-1959: integrated circuit with base of germanium, by Jack Saint Clair Kilby (Texas Instruments). Made possible by the flat transistor recently invented by Jean Hoerni, the integrated circuit of Mister Kilby had about five elements, that could be resistances, condensers, or also transistors. 1964: first computer with main processor entirely built as integrated circuit (of little over ten elements per square centimetre). It occupied 20 square metres and had a weight of 5 Megagrammes.

1961-1962: Texas Instruments and Fairchild Semiconductor start separately the serial production of integrated circuits of silicium (shortly later called chips), to substitute printed circuits in arithmetic logical units. Units began to be sold in 1975 at a price of 300 Dollars as a kit with all its physical parts and assembling instructions, or else sold as a finished microcomputer at the price of 400 Dollars. It began in 1944 as an analogue computer, but it was shortly later modified to be digital. 1958: first elementary but complete programme for playing chess against a computer, by Doctor A. L. Samuel (International Business Machines). August 1981: Personal Computer, successful series of microcomputers of 16 bits (International Business Machines). August 1962: essay on a "Galactic Network" of computers, by J. C. R. Licklider (Massachussets Institute of Technology). October 1962: J. C. R. Licklider becomes the first Director of a DARPA computer project at the Advanced Research Projects Agency. 1965: computer mouse, invented by Douglas Engelbart (Stanford Research Institute, Director of the Bootstrap Institute).

The Ethernet network system was in 1973 under development by Bob Metcalfe at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre, but the proliferation of local area networks or of microcomputers was not yet foreseen in late 1973, therefore the original model of Internet was based on the concept of a few national networks such as Arpanet, Packet Radio or Packet Satellite. The EDVAC definitely introduced the concept of stored code in computer programming. Shortly later appeared the IBM 370 and the Basic Operating System, Tape Operating System and Disk Operating System (unrelated to Basic programming language, or to later DOS operating systems such as PC-DOS, MS-DOS, DR-DOS, et cetera). 1969: Unics operating system. 1960-1962: Space War, action game by Stephen Slug Russell, with Wayne Witanen and Martin Graetz, based on the Minskytron action game of Marvin Minsky, both programmes were created in the PDP-1 minicomputer of the Massachussetts Institute of Technology.

In this computer was programmed the first action game (not counting computerised board games like draughts or chess): Mouse in the Labyrinth, what is billiards by a teacher of the institution. 1960: first joy stick for playing action games, built in a wooden box by two students of the Massachussetts Institute of Technology. Other experts presented programmes for playing chess or for proving mathematical theorems. John Mc Carthy (Stanford University), presented the Lisp programming language and the Mc Carthy Test for measuring Artificial Intelligence (playing games, following conversation, receiving information or performing other activities through a terminal). 1956: at Darmouth College, ten experts in diverse disciplines meet to create the basis for what they call Artificial Intelligence (to distinguish it from Robotics, Automatics and Cybernetics). Coral: a programming language used from the 1960's to the 1980's. Dart: experimental language created in 1959 by a student of Darmouth College, on a computer Royal McBee LGP-30.